Boundary+dispute

Alaska boundary Much more controversial was the [|Alaska boundary dispute], settled in favor of the United States in 1903. At issue was the exact boundary between Alaska and Canada, specifically whether Canada would have a port near the present American town of [|Haines] that would give access to the new Yukon goldfields. The dispute was settled by arbitration, and the British delegate voted with the Americans—to the astonishment and disgust of Canadians who suddenly realized that Britain considered its relations with the United States paramount compared to those with Canada.[|[22]] 1907 saw a minor controversy over [|USS //Nashville//] sailing into the Great Lakes via Canada without Canadian permission. Partly in response, in 1909 the two sides signed the [|International Boundary Waters Treaty] and the [|International Joint Commission] was established to manage the Great Lakes. Economic ties and migration had deepened by this era, but were not equal. In 1901 there were 128,000 American-born residents in Canada (3.5% of the Canadian population) and 1.18 million Canadian-born residents in the United States (1.6% of the U.S. population).[|[23]]